There are several different types of depression. One of them is called seasonal affective disorder (SAD), or seasonal depression. It is most common during fall and winter, affecting about a half million adults in the U.S. Rare cases do occur in the summertime.
People feeling blue for several days at a time, particularly during winter months, should consult a doctor for help. This mental health condition is treatable and can be controlled through different types of therapy and sometimes medication.
Winter Symptoms
Symptoms usually begin during autumn, when the days start getting shorter. Feelings of moodiness, sadness and lack of energy may last throughout the winter months. These symptoms usually dissipate in the spring and return again in the fall.
Those affected by the mood disorder tend to sleep a lot without feeling refreshed afterwards. They experience a lack of interest in activities that they once found interesting or important. This is frequently accompanied by withdrawal from family members and friends.
Change in eating habits and appetite are seen through weight gain. Patients tend to crave foods high in fat and sugar, loading up on carbohydrates without increasing physical activity.
Other SAD symptoms include nervousness and hopelessness. People affected by SAD may have a hard time understanding or processing complex information. Concentration may also be difficult.
Summer Depression
The spring and summer seasonal disorder occurs at opposite times of the year with opposite behavioral symptoms. It is much more rare. Those diagnosed with this illness will likely have a hard time sleeping and become cranky and irritable. They may worry a lot over inconsequential things. Eating habits are generally affected by a lack of appetite. Noticeable weight loss is common.
Treatment
One way to combat SAD is through light therapy. This method has been used for a very long time and involves exposing the patient to a special type of light for about a half hour each day. Therapy may be administered through either a light box or a visor, allowing some patients to use the treatments at home, depending on the doctor's advice.
People with skin conditions or bipolar disorder may have difficulty with light therapy. It may be ineffective or cause headaches, sleepiness or eye strain. While it is one method generally accepted by mental health care professionals, use of medication is sometimes prescribed as well. Psychotherapy is another way of treating seasonal depression. A recent study involving behavioral therapy suggests this is more effective than light therapy for some patients.
There is a high percentage of people affected by SAD in northern climates. Rather than participating in light therapy, some patients simply move to brighter, sunnier locations to avoid the lack of sunlight. They may do it only during the winter, or make it a year-round, permanent solution.
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