Most people get heartburn, or acid reflux, from time to time. A small amount of stomach acid will occasionally get into the esophagus. Unlike the stomach, the esophagus, or food tube, has no protective lining. That is why you have discomfort. There is a burning sensation behind the sternum. You have a bitter taste in the mouth and throat. You may experience pain in the chest. Often this happens after eating something that does not agree with you. Perhaps you ate too much of a certain food. It may bother you for a few hours, but generally goes away on its own. This is not much to be concerned with. However, chronic heartburn can lead to a number of complications to be aware of.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is commonly referred to as GERD. GERD is heartburn that is frequent and becomes problematic to everyday life. Stomach acid reaches the food tube from the sphincter muscle. It acts as a valve that opens to receive food. Then it closes to shut off acid from washing back into the throat. GERD patients may have frequent heartburn. However they may also develop a cough and have problems swallowing at times. Food may seem to stick in the throat.
Causes of GERD
Some reasons are unknown. It is known that pregnancy and smoking can cause this condition. Obesity is another reason.
Hiatal hernia is a common cause of frequent heartburn. In this condition the stomach extends through the diaphragm, allowing acid to leak. Hiatal hernias are quite common. The older you get, the better the chance it will develop. Most of these hernias are not considered a serious condition.
Complications
Most people with GERD can lead a normal life. It can however develop into a condition called Barrett's esophagus. It is brought about by chronic untreated GERD. After a while, the esophageal cells may try to protect themselves. They try to emulate stomach lining cells. In some cases, complications can develop. Ulcers of the esophagus and narrowing may occur. In rare instances cancer could develop. It is important for people with Barrett's esophagus to see a doctor regularly. Symptoms may be similar to GERD. Diagnostic testing is the only way to know for sure if you have it.
Treatments
Treatment of heartburn, GERD, hiatal hernia, and Barrett's esophagus, are similar. They all involve ways to keep acid from splashing into the esophagus. Eating smaller meals is a recommended method. Trying to lose weight is also advised. People with frequent heartburn might try elevating their head when they sleep. Also, do not eat before bedtime. For infrequent heartburn, antacids may work just fine. For more frequent, your doctor can prescribe medication that may help.
Summary
Heartburn is when acid has splashed where it is not supposed to be, the esophagus. It is also referred to as acid reflux. It causes pain and discomfort. Chronic heartburn is more serious and should be treated by a physician, as complications can develop.
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