A Genetic testing is not performed on an individual unless it is ordered by a Genetic professional. The Genetics professionals may perform first a Genetic counseling or Genetic consultation as most types of Genetic tests require these. As soon as the Genetic professional established the need for a Gene test, it shall be ordered from a laboratory.
Genetic professionals are health care professionals who have completed relevant degrees and earned experienced in genetic counseling and medical genetics. They may include genetic counselors, genetic nurses and geneticists. An individual's specialty or primary care provider may also order the Genetic test in his or her behalf.
There are four considerations that must be followed in ordering a Gene tests. These are selecting the laboratory, performing a pre-test counseling and getting an informed consent, the availability of sample and its requirements as well as supporting documentation, and the interpretation of test result and follow up appointments.
In selecting the laboratory, not much of a choice is available. For some diseases, there may only be one laboratory that provides such tests. In the United States, there were US patents issued to cover Diagnostic test for certain genetic illnesses. Also, a laboratory may not be an exclusive licensee to one patent. However, if there are other choices of choosing the laboratory, there are guidelines that need to be followed.
First, the Genetics laboratory personnel could carry out two tasks: being a technologist and clinical consultant.Second, there should be compatibility between the Genetic testing offered by a laboratory and the specific clinical requirement. Third, the laboratory should be reliable, qualified and responsible.Fourth, communication must easily be undertaken as regards the assessment of the appropriateness of testing, providing information on the types of Gene tests offered and so on.
The Pretest Counseling includes the assessment of the individual's risk perception, expectations and support systems, as well as explaining the implication of testing and not testing for reproductive options and medical management.
In Sample Logistics and Supporting Documentation, the laboratory must be able to provide the sample requirements, which may include the needed specimen type, the information included on the label, and the need for culturing the specimen before shipping.
Besides knowing the requirements, the supporting document should also be accomplished. In most cases, the laboratory would inform the genetic professional that some information is needed such as the necessity of submitting to the laboratory the medical records or test results on family members.
It is also the responsibility of the Genetic professional to determine the mode of transportation of the Genetic Testing and where it should be delivered.
After the Genetic testing is carried out the test results are available in writing that the laboratory will provide to the clinician. Though the details of the test result may vary, the information is most likely to include the raw data, sensitivity and particularity of information, clinical interpretation of test result, and references.
The clinician may then explain to the individual and family members the meaning of the Genetic test result. The test results are normally documented in the medical records and the individual is given a copy.
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