Haemorrhoid surgery requires overnight stay at the hospital. Before the surgery patient is put on special diet to have cleaner bowels. Enema and laxatives are used to clear the gastrointestinal tract. The surgery is performed under anaesthesia and anoscope is used to view the hemorrhoids. The procedure involves cutting down the supply to hemorrhoids and then followed by its removal.
Pain and discomfort are fait accompli during this surgical process. But still pain relief medications are employed to ease the suffering. After surgery, the rectal area is examined on hourly basis. It is important to prevent constipation following surgery. Therefore, patients may be encouraged to exercise, drink plenty of fluids and eat a high-fibre diet.
Hemorrhoid surgery is normally performed on a patient who has high degree of hemorrhoids. The stages in hemorrhoidectomy or the hemorrhoid surgery can be defined as:-
- Before surgery
- During surgery
- After surgery
Before surgery
A patient who has been prescribed for hemorrhoid surgery is the one who has been suffering from its acute severity. Therefore patient's fears and anxiety are taken care of. Before surgery, the patient is kept on a special low-residue diet to keep the colon clean for the surgery. The patient's hemorrhoids are evaluated. Stool softeners and enema are used to keep the rectum clean. The rectal area is thoroughly cleaned. Patients are advised to go in for warm sitz bath where patient sits in warm water over soft folded towels for 15-20 minutes. After this process, the affected potion is cleaned once again with soft towels.
During surgery
Hemorrhoid surgery is performed with the patient under anaesthesia. During hemorrhoid surgery, once the surgeon through the anoscope sees the hemorrhoid and its surrounding tissues. Blood supply is tied off with surgical stitches (sutures) and hemorrhoidal tissue is removed.
Hemorrhoidectomy is important in the treatment of extensive or severe hemorrhoids. It can be used in the treatment of both internal and external hemorrhoids, as well as those that occur both internally and externally at the same time.
After surgery
Like with many surgical procedures, pain and discomfort are common following a hemorrhoid surgery. However, medications are prescribed to relieve the pain and Sitz baths are used to relieve discomfort and promote healing. After the surgery, continuous monitoring of the rectal area is done to ensure that no further bleeding etc take place. To avoid Constipation, patients are encouraged to take up regular exercise and having a diet rich in fibres and drinking plenty of fluids. Laxatives if necessary may be used to soften stool and avoid undue pressure on rectum and anus area.
Potential benefits and risks
Hemorrhoid surgery is the most effective treatment for hemorrhoids. It eliminates the hemorrhoids with almost very negligible chances of its recurring. However, like every surgical procedure there are some risks associated with hemorrhoidectomy. These Complications can be minimized with proper post surgical care, control, attention to fluid intake and proper use of laxatives and stool softeners after the surgery. Complications of hemorrhoidectomy may include. But the benefits far override the risks associated with this procedure.
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