Statistics show that of all babies born, 10 to 15 percent will require neonatal intensive care. This can be very frightening to new parents due to the highly sophisticated equipment and unfamiliar surroundings in these units. Newborns who do need this in CA receive thorough medical attention from highly trained medical personnel and doctors, to ensure the infant receives the best possible care.
The most common reasons new babies receive this intensive care is due to premature birth, low birth weight of less than 5 and a half pounds or because of a medical condition. Close to 13 percent of all babies born in the United States are born prematurely and these babies usually weigh less than average. When multiples are born such as twins, they also are often sent to the neonatal ICU because of low birth weight. Infants born with medical problems such as infections, heart disorders or birth defects will also receive the special care of a neonatal unit.
There are certain factors that can raise the risks of babies needing this care in CA. These can include maternal factors such as being a young mother below the age of 16 or an older mother over the age of 40 as well as mothers who are diabetic or those who abuse drugs or alcohol. Mothers who have high blood pressure, STD's, abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid, bleeding or premature rupture of the amniotic sac can also raise the risk of newborns needing intensive care. Difficulties during delivery can cause problems for the infant. If the baby is born breech, suffers from lack of oxygen such as the umbilical cord being around the baby's neck, cesarean section or the use of forceps is required, these conditions can cause fetal distress. Newborns that require resuscitation or medication while in the delivery room may also need special care. Other problems can include infections such as streptococcus, herpes, seizures, respiratory difficulties, low blood sugar or the need for assisted oxygen or blood transfusions.
While in the ICU, a team of trained specialists will care for the baby. These include the nurses who are continually monitoring and caring for the infant as well as the neonatologist who is a highly trained pediatrician who treats premature and sick babies. Other staff members include dietitians, pharmacists, respiratory therapists, lactation consultants, occupational therapists and social workers. These team members work together and with parents for developing and following a care plan, which is specifically designed to meet all the baby's needs.
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