Radiology is an integral part of modern medicine, but this field possesses many health risks to those involved in giving and receiving it. Both patients and radiology staff can be exposed to harmful amounts of radiation. The long-term or chronic exposure to radiation and its effects on the body are called Stochastic health effects. The most commonly associated concern is cancer. Another is DNA mutation, since radiation is absorbed into the tissues, bones and organs of those exposed. These conditions can also be passed on to offspring. Acute radiation poisoning can cause burns, sickness, and in high doses, death. Radiation sickness is often seen in people undergoing radiation therapy.
With the proper use of protective equipment, these risks and effects can be greatly reduced for both patients and healthcare workers.
There are federal guidelines which have been established to keep persons within an acceptable level of exposure before exponentially raising the risk of health problems. In an effort to prevent complications with radiation, the first step is to monitor the level of exposure every individual, regardless of position, receives in the facility's environment. This is easily accomplished with a dosimeter, also referred to as a radiation badge.
The regular use of standing barriers is routine procedure and strongly encouraged by company policy when in the vicinity of a radiological procedure. These physical barriers now come with high visibility windows and many are portable. Table shields are also a step to prevention of future health issues.
There are several forms of protective equipment that can be worn by professionals or patients:
* Aprons designed to wrap around the entire body
* Skirts made for the waist down
* Vests for the torso
* Breast shields made in pediatric and adult sizes
* Gonad shields
* Thyroid collar
* Lead glasses or eye shields
* Gloves
* Diapers for pediatric patients
* Lead panel underwear
These items come in a wide variety of sizes and colors to suit the needs of the individual or facility using them. This necessary equipment can be made with or without lead, and latex free to address personal issues such as allergies and mobility as required.
First overlooked, emphasis is now placed on the thyroid gland since it has a major part in metabolism balance and the eyes, since exposure can cause permanent vision damage. Both thyroid shield and lead glasses are required as a part of total protection and health prevention.
The protection of the reproductive organs for both men and women is imperative since exposure can be linked to birth defects and infertility.
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