Contact lenses serve many purposes. They work to correct vision problems. They can be cosmetic. They are also have therapeutic use for some eye conditions. In all cases, they are put directly on the cornea to do their job. Worldwide, there are more than 120 million people who wear them for one of the aforementioned reasons. They have a wider vision field than glasses do and are useful in sports.
Vision can be improved when they are worn for corrective purposes. They do this job by correctly focusing light to the retina to improve the refraction error. This occurs when there is a mismatch between the eye's refractive power and its length. Near sightedness or myopia and far sightedness or hypermetropia, can both be corrected as can astigmatism and presbyopia. Color blindness can also be managed with specialized lenses.
The look of the eye is changed when they are worn for cosmetic purposes. They can also improve vision but they are often worn for appearance alone. Eye color can be changed. The entertainment industry makes use of their power to change appearance quite often. Actors in moves, television or plays may need to take on a demonic look or the look of clouded eyes. This can be done. Those who want to cover the naturally white part of the eye use the scleral variety.
Anime is a trend throughout the world, particularly in its originating Asia. The circle lens is used to give a wide eyed appearance by making the iris look bigger. This imitates the look of the drawn characters.
Non refractive eye conditions can be managed when they are used for therapeutic purposes. Injured corneas can be protected from further injury caused by blinking or rubbing. Other conditions can also be treated or managed such as corneal ulcers, keratitis or dry eyes.
The first mention of such a product was made by Leonardo DaVinci in his 1508 work, Codex of the Eye, Manual D. He wrote of the altering of corneal power by submerging the eye in water. He did not write of any corrective power but he does still get credit for the genesis of the idea.
An eyecup device considered to be predecessor was developed Thomas Young in 1801. 1845 was the first time a method that included correction was proposed. This was when Sir John Herschel introduced a glass with animal jelly as part of the plan. This allowed for confirmation to the actual shape of the eye.
A successful fitting was first done in 1887 by a German opthomologist. This prosthesis was made of blown glass. It was outlined in a journal article circa 1888.
The twentieth century was a time of many developments and improvements. One result was the soft contact. It allowed for much more comfort. They could be worn for more hours or even days. A disposable product was also developed and manufactured.
The evolution of contact lenses continues. Research is being done into how to make wearing them more sanitary and less prone to infection. Patient compliance is also being explored as a way to reduce infection.
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