Sleep apnea in children is a serious, potentially life-threatening, condition that is commonly associated with attention and behavioral problems in adolescents. If left untreated, it may lead to serious consequences including learning, behavioral, and developmental problems, as well as heart problems, high blood pressure, and a failure to physically develop. A lack of adequate rest may cause children to become less productive at school, and lead to frustration, mood changes and even depression. It is crucial, therefore, that family members of a child suffering from this affliction have a thorough understanding of what causes it, as well as how it is diagnosed and treated.
There can be several causes of sleep apnea, including obesity, loss of control or a swelling of the upper airway, or abnormalities of the face and skull. In children, however, the most common cause of this affliction is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). In children with OSAS, the obstruction is usually caused by enlarged tonsils and/or adenoids. Easily recognizable symptoms include snoring or gasping during the night, excessive nighttime perspiration, frequent bedwetting, bad dreams, morning headaches, a constant feeling of fatigue, and a visibly contracted chest during sleep. A pediatrician or child psychologist may also notice high blood pressure, weight abnormalities, constant upper respiratory infections, stunted growth, personality changes, learning difficulties, depression, hyperactivity, or an inability to concentrate.
If sleep apnea is suspected, a doctor may order an overnight test called a polysomnography. This test can be performed at either a recommended facility or at home, depending upon the doctor's orders. In either location, the test involves connecting the child to a simple machine that will record nighttime breathing patterns, brain waves, muscle and eye movements, and blood oxygen levels. In both scenarios, the test is painless and will help confirm the disorder.
A doctor may suggest removing the tonsils and/or adenoids to open up the airway. If the problem persists, the long-term use of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine is often prescribed. Not to be confused with a ventilator, this machine simply helps to keep the airway open and unobstructed by blowing a constant supply of air into the nose via a nose mask. Both the machine and CPAP accessories are usually covered by most insurance companies and instruction is provided to ensure proper use and maintenance.
Sleep apnea in children is a serious condition that should be treated immediately. It is important to remember that, if suspected, immediate consultation with a pediatrician or family doctor can help treat the problem and may prevent serious long-term consequences.
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