Not many people are going to argue that most drinking water isn't as pure or clean as it could be for optimum health. Different water products and water stations can be set up in your home to help filter out harmful bacteria for water purification, but within each system is a specific process designed to accomplish this goal. Some methods don't require a complete water station at all, but can be used in other ways. The end result of each water purification process is water that if free from bacteria, heavy metals and other contaminants you don't want in your body.
One of the oldest methods of drinking water purification is distillation. With distillation, water is heated to the boiling point, so that the vapour rises up into a condenser. Inside the condenser, cooling water lowers the temperature of the vapour, so it is condensed and stored as distilled water. Distillation removes most contaminants, but some of them, like herbicides and pesticides that have a boiling point lower than water, won't be removed completely. Distillation is also quite costly compared to other water purification methods, and more time consuming.
Ion exchange is another method of water purification. Ion exchange is typically used as part of a water softener system to remove mineral deposits from household water. A softener is basically a water station that's set up in your home with polystyrene beads and sodium to remove calcium and magnesium from your water. Calcium and magnesium ions are exchanged with sodium ions to help remove hardness from the water before it is sent in through the plumbing system. Another water purification system may be in place after the water softener to remove bacteria and other contaminants before the water gets to you.
The carbon absorption method of drinking water purification uses either granular activated carbon or solid block carbon to remove unpleasant tastes and odours from your household drinking water. Many chemicals and gases, including chlorine are removed from the water using carbon absorption. Some carbon absorption water products are even capable of removing lead and asbestos from your water. Activated carbon is created with high heat, making millions of tiny pores that eventually trap the particles you don't want in your water. Microporous filtration is another way particles are trapped and kept out of your drinking water. The three types are depth, screen and surface and the filters are usually part of a larger water station set into your home. It's important to look into the type of filter in your water product, because each type is good at removing different types of contaminants from the water.
Perhaps the most economical method of water purification is reverse osmosis, which can remove up to 99 percent of all contaminants. Reverse osmosis uses a semi-permeable membrane that water is driven through under pressure, to help remove contaminants. Ultra-violet, or UV radiation uses lamps generating UV light to inactivate microorganisms and sanitize water. UV treatment is often used in the germicidal treatment of water systems.
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