Fluoroscopy is a technique that provides rapid continuous images, allowing the physician to view internal organs much like a video camera. This technique is often used as a diagnostic tool and during interventional procedures. Fluoroscopy requires the use of ionized radiation to guide the needed instruments through pathways in the body. Because this technique only requires a tiny incision, the risk of infection is dramatically reduced when compared to conventional surgical procedures. More healthcare providers have begun to use this technique, offering the patient a less invasive procedure and a quicker recovery period.
Risks of Radiation Exposure on the Thyroid Gland
Although fluoroscopy offers many advantages for both the health care provider and the patient, when using this technique for interventional procedures, health care providers can be at risk of developing radiation damage such as skin injuries, eye lens damage and certain types of cancer. This, however, does depend on how often the healthcare provider performs fluoroscopies and the length of time the procedures take. One organ that is more susceptible to damage from radiation exposure is the thyroid gland. This gland, when exposed to high levels of radioactivity will begin to absorb the radiation when it should be absorbing iodine. If this occurs, it can result in the cells of the thyroid becoming mutated, allowing cells to multiply and grow rapidly. Mutated cells also continue to live, unlike normal cells that die. When these mutated cells grow and multiply, they can form into a tumor. Mutated cells can also invade surrounding tissue and spread to other areas of the body.
The Importance of Radiation Protection
The use of proper protective wear when performing fluoroscopies is essential in reducing the risk of radioactive exposure, especially for technicians, doctors and assistants who regularly perform these techniques. During a fluoroscopy, although the ionized radioactivity is directed towards the area of the patient's body that is being treated, dosages of radiation do fall off and scatter, placing the operator at risk. There is no safe dose of radiation exposure to the thyroid gland; however, wearing a thyroid shield can significantly reduce the risk of damage. Thyroid shields are made of lead, which has been found to be the most effective material for preventing penetration of radioactive waves. Radiologists, technicians and surgeons who are often exposed to radioactive waves should also wear protective leaded eyewear to prevent eye damage, as well as lead aprons and special gloves to protect the skin. Patients should also always be protected with patient shields.
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