Originally, the term antioxidant was specifically a reference to a chemical that was applied in the prevention of oxygen consumption. Antioxidants are seen as molecules that have the potential of slowing down or even preventing other molecules from oxidation (basically refers to the loss of hydrogen or the increase of oxygen).
Early studies in antioxidants were on their use in the prevention of oxidation which was conducted on unsaturated fats and is seen as causing rancidity (fats decomposition through oxidation or hydrolysis). They measured the oxygen consumption rate by placing the fat in a sealed container. However, the revolutionizing in the field of antioxidants was due to the discovery of vitamins A, C and E that saw the knowledge into the biochemistry of living organisms and how antioxidants play a role in them.
Antioxidants carry the function of terminating chain reactions that tend to damage cells. These chain reactions usually are as a result of free radicals (ions, atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons) which come about from oxidation reactions.
Extensive studies were done in the late 19th century and early in the 20th century which focused on the uses of antioxidants in undertaking industrial processes. The users pursued included;
Preventing metal corrosion: Antioxidants will prevent metals from losing their electrons caused by the reaction of the metal with water and oxygen. This is generally referred to as rust.
Rubber vulcanization: Vulcanization is a specific curing procedure of rubber that involves extreme high heat with addition of other equal curatives. The end findings is the cross-linking of lesser or higher extent of the springy rubber molecules making the material harder, increasing its durability, increases the smoothness of the material's surface preventing it from sticking onto metal and it also increases its resistance to chemical attacks.
Polymerization of fuels: Polymerization is the process of forming three- dimensional networks through a chemical reaction where there is reacting of monomer molecules (small molecule that are chemically linked/connected to monomers to create a polymer). In the fuels industry, polymerization is the conversion of olefin gases into liquid condensed products that can be deemed suitable for liquid fuels, and this is basically performed under a controlled process. There are two categories of monomers:
Synthetic monomers: These are hydrocarbons as alkenes. Other commercial monomers can be acrylic monomers like methyl methacrylate, acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Natural monomers: Amino acids fall under this category and are normally polymerized to create proteins, nucleic acids are formed from the polymerization of nucleotides monomers located in the cell nucleus. Dehydration is the polymerization reaction which is so following the formation of water among the products.
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